The Domesday Book: Counting All of England
In the year 1086, King William of England decided he wanted to know exactly what his kingdom held. He had become king twenty years earlier, and he needed to learn who owned the land and how much tax people could pay. So he sent officials all over the country to ask questions.
The officials traveled from county to county. In each place, they gathered local people and asked how much land each person held, how many farm workers and plows there were, and how many mills, ponds, and woods lay nearby. They even counted some of the animals. The answers were written down in Latin, the language used for important records at the time.
The final record was gathered into two large books, which together are known as the Domesday Book. One old explanation for the name is that people felt its answers could not be argued with. Once something was written in the book, it was treated as the last word on who owned what.
Today the Domesday Book is a treasure for historians. It paints a detailed picture of village life in England nearly a thousand years ago, from the size of the farms to the number of mills on a stream. The book is still kept safely in a national archive.