Parents (page 11)

A nonfiction passage about animal senses for 4th grade, 159 words, with six comprehension questions, an answer key and vocabulary. Print it or read it big.

A nonfiction passage about money math for 4th grade, 166 words, with six comprehension questions, an answer key and vocabulary. Print it or read it big.

A nonfiction passage about how things are made for 4th grade, 169 words, with six comprehension questions, an answer key and vocabulary. Print it or read it big.

A nonfiction passage about American history for 4th grade, 162 words, with six comprehension questions, an answer key and vocabulary. Print it or read it big.

For children suspected of having a reading disability, phonemic awareness instruction had medium effects on overall and segmenting outcomes and smaller effects on blending, first-sound identification and deletion.…

Spreading retrieval practice on the same content out over time led to much better retention than doing it all at once. Expanding gaps (short, then longer, then longer) were no better on average than equal gaps,…

Seventh-grade classes that periodically did interleaved assignments for four months outscored classes that did blocked assignments on an unannounced test a month later. Teachers carried it out without training and…

Re-analyzing the National Reading Panel's phonics studies with the coding its critics used, the authors found small to moderate effects favoring systematic phonics, consistent with the panel. The largest effects came…

A What Works Clearinghouse panel made five recommendations for tiered reading support in the primary grades. It rated the evidence Strong for intensive, systematic small-group teaching of up to three foundational…

A fiction passage about pets and mysteries for 4th grade, 174 words, with six comprehension questions, an answer key and vocabulary. Print it or read it big.

Orton-Gillingham reading interventions did not statistically significantly improve foundational skills (phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, spelling) or vocabulary and comprehension for students with or at risk…

Proposed a simple model of reading: reading comprehension is the product of decoding and language comprehension, so a weakness in either one limits reading. It follows that reading difficulties come in three kinds:…

Pooling hundreds of experiments on spacing out study, the review found that the gap between study sessions and the time until the test work together: the longer you need to remember something, the longer the gap…

A tutorial review of the science of learning to read, from first letter-sound knowledge to skilled comprehension. It explains why phonics is central in an alphabetic writing system like English, and also what else…

In schools experienced with Response to Intervention, first graders who scored just below the screening cutoff and were placed in reading intervention ended the year with lower reading scores than classmates just above…

Repeated reading increased fluency and comprehension, for students with and without learning disabilities, both on the passage practiced and as an intervention to improve fluency and comprehension in general. Which…

A What Works Clearinghouse panel made four recommendations for teaching early reading. It rated the evidence Strong for teaching the sounds in speech and how they link to letters, and for teaching students to decode,…

Seventh graders who practiced with problems of different kinds mixed together (interleaved) scored higher on unannounced tests one day and thirty days later than when the same problems came in blocks of one kind, and…

Small-group and individual reading interventions of the kind schools use in tier 2 improved foundational reading skills and, by less, language and comprehension, for young students with or at risk for reading…

Of twelve studies, five found Orton-Gillingham instruction better on every outcome measured, four on some outcomes, two found the comparison instruction better, and one found no difference. Given how few studies there…

Phonemic awareness instruction had a large effect on phonemic awareness and moderate effects on reading (including comprehension) and spelling, for typical, at-risk and disabled readers. It worked better taught with…

A national panel reviewed the experimental research on teaching reading. It found that systematic phonics instruction improves children's success in learning to read, that teaching children to manipulate the sounds in…

Across the studies pooled, taking practice tests helped learning more than restudying and more than every other comparison condition. How much it helped depended on the kind of practice test, the learners, the outcome…

Counting only experiments run in real classes, retrieval practice improved learning across education levels, subjects, test formats and delays, and 57% of the effect sizes were medium or large. Only 6% of the…