Decoding, Reading, and Reading Disability
We checked this card's citation and the finding we state against the source's own page or record in October 2026.
What it found
Proposed a simple model of reading: reading comprehension is the product of decoding and language comprehension, so a weakness in either one limits reading. It follows that reading difficulties come in three kinds: trouble decoding, trouble comprehending, or both.
What kind of study it is
- Design
- Review
- Weight
- Adds context: a review or a weaker design, which doesn't move a card's rating on its own.
- Limits
- A theoretical model, now known as the simple view of reading, not a test of any teaching method.
Read it
doi.org/10.1177/074193258600700104 · ERIC record EJ331572
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Cited in the Library
Cite this study
Gough, P. B., & Tunmer, W. E. (1986). Decoding, reading, and reading disability. Remedial and Special Education, 7(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193258600700104
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