Ninety-Nine Percent Water: teacher key

How Paper Is Made, grade 11 edition, written for 11th grade. What happens in the first meters of a paper machine, and the arguments over what paper costs the planet.

Read the book. Print this page for the key.

Questions and answers

1. What does the headbox keep fibers from doing?
   • Drying
   • Dissolving
   • Clumping (answer)
2. Why does machine-made paper have a grain?
   • Ink runs one way
   • Long fibers line up with the machine direction (answer)
   • Rollers cut lines
3. What do mills mix into recycled pulp for quality?
   • Virgin fiber (answer)
   • Sand
   • Ink
4. What did archives from Panjikent show about the Talas story?
   • They described the battle
   • They were forged
   • Some were written before 722 (answer)
5. Why do estimates of energy saved by recycling differ?
   • Different groups claimed 40 and 64% (answer)
   • Nobody measured
   • Energy is free

Words

• headbox: paper machine inlet
• virgin: new, unused
• flocculation: fiber clumping
• creping: crinkling tissue