The Power of Feedback Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of Educational Feedback Research
We checked this card's citation and the finding we state against the source's own page or record in October 2026.
What it found
Feedback had a medium effect on learning on average, but results varied so much that feedback can't be treated as one consistent treatment. What the feedback said mattered most, and feedback affected thinking and motor skills more than motivation and behavior.
Effect size, as the source reports it: d = 0.48.
What kind of study it is
- Design
- Meta-analysis
- Weight
- A synthesis: it pools or weighs many studies, so it carries the most weight on the evidence meter.
- Sample
- 435 studies, 994 effect sizes, over 61,000 participants
Read it
doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03087
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Cited in the Library
Cite this study
Wisniewski, B., Zierer, K., & Hattie, J. (2020). The power of feedback revisited: A meta-analysis of educational feedback research. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 3087. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03087
Checked against the source in October 2026. All studies · How we rate the evidence · Something wrong? Tell us.