Skip to the content

A systematic review and meta-analysis of growth mindset interventions: For whom, how, and why might such interventions work?

Jeni L. Burnette, Joseph Billingsley, George C. Banks, Laura E. Knouse, Crystal L. Hoyt, Jeffrey M. Pollack and 1 more2023Psychological Bulletin, 149(3-4), 174–205

We checked this card's citation and the finding we state against the source's own page or record in October 2026.

What it found

For the students expected to benefit most, and when the intervention was delivered faithfully, growth mindset interventions had a small positive effect on achievement and a larger one on mental health. The authors stress how much effects vary: future interventions could plausibly have effects from slightly negative to moderate.

Effect size, as the source reports it: d = 0.14 on academic achievement for targeted groups with high-fidelity delivery.

What kind of study it is

Design
Meta-analysis
Weight
A synthesis: it pools or weighs many studies, so it carries the most weight on the evidence meter.
Sample
53 independent samples from randomized studies, 2002–2020

Read it

doi.org/10.1037/bul0000368

We link to the source and summarize it in our own words. We don't host or copy papers.

Cited in the Library

Cite this study

Burnette, J. L., Billingsley, J., Banks, G. C., Knouse, L. E., Hoyt, C. L., Pollack, J. M., & Simon, S. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of growth mindset interventions: For whom, how, and why might such interventions work? Psychological Bulletin, 149(3-4), 174–205. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000368

Checked against the source in October 2026. All studies · How we rate the evidence · Something wrong? Tell us.